Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e outras condições nutricionais na covid-19: potenciais mecanismos e implicações
Resumo
Introdução e objetivo: A presente revisão tem como objetivo integrar e discutir estudos que relacionam a COVID-19 com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e outras condições nutricionais, buscando compreender os mecanismos patológicos envolvidos. Materiais e Métodos: A partir da análise inicial de 409.542 registros disponíveis na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC), publicados até abril de 2021, os registros mais relevantes foram selecionados e incluídos na discussão proposta. Resultados: Com base nas evidências obtidas ao longo da progressão e disseminação da doença, tem-se consenso que pessoas de qualquer idade com condições clínicas subjacentes, como diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e renal são grupos com maior potencial de risco para agravamento da COVID-19, sendo esse risco progressivamente maior com o avanço da idade. Outras condições específicas como desnutrição, deficiência de vitaminas e de minerais também parecem influenciar na progressão e agravamento da doença. Discussão: Essas consequências se explicam pelo fato do sistema imunológico em pessoas com DCNT estar comprometido, além do estado inflamatório crônico que caracteriza muitas dessas condições, que somada às alterações metabólicas e fisiológicas desencadeadas pelo SARS-CoV-2, tornam esses pacientes mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de quadros graves da infecção. Conclusão: Sendo as DCNT e outras condições nutricionais diretamente relacionadas à qualidade da alimentação, a manutenção de hábitos de vida saudáveis é estratégia essencial para promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças, incluindo infecções virais como a causada pelo COVID-19. Concomitantemente, é importante que os cientistas busquem compreender cada vez mais o papel da dieta e de estratégias nutricionais específicas, buscando direcionar práticas profissionais efetivas nesse contexto.
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