Associação entre obesidade e doença periodontal: revisão narrativa
Resumo
Introdução: Obesidade pode ser definida como o acúmulo anormal ou excessivo de tecido adiposo em relação à massa magra. O Índice Massa Corporal (IMC) é a classificação largamente utilizada e caracteriza um indivíduo com obesidade quando resulta em um valor igual ou maior que 30 Kg/m2. Tem sido reconhecido o papel dessa doença em exacerbar a inflamação periodontal e aumentar o risco para o desenvolvimento da periodontite. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi explorar e sumarizar os mecanismos envolvidos na relação entre obesidade e doença periodontal. Materiais e métodos: Uma busca avançada foi realizada na base de dados PubMed usando uma combinação dos termos “obesidade”, “sobrepeso”, “periodontite” e “doença periodontal”. Além disso, as listas de referências dos artigos incluídos foram revisadas sem impor qualquer restrição. Os dados foram sintetizados de forma narrativa. Resultados: A obesidade e a doença periodontal são condições crônicas com fatores de risco sobrepostos. Suas associações podem ser elucidadas por meio de múltiplos mecanismos, primariamente envolvendo inflamação crônica em indivíduos com obesidade, mediada pela secreção de citocinas, levando a um comprometimento da função imune. Além disso, essa relação parece ser bidirecional, pois a perda dentária que resulta da doença periodontal pode desencadear padrões alimentares deficientes, potencializando fatores que contribuem para a obesidade. Conclusão: Foi concluído que parece haver uma associação bidirecional entre obesidade e periodontite, a qual pode ser atribuída por vários mecanismos, especialmente aqueles relacionados com o estado inflamatório dessas condições.
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