Intervenções de atividade física e educação nutricional para combater a obesidade infantil na escola: revisão sistemática
Resumo
Introdução: A prevalência mundial de obesidade infantil tem aumentado de forma significativa nas últimas três décadas. No contexto escolar, acompanhar o estado de saúde em alunos è necessário, pois nessa fase se incorporam muitos hábitos, que geralmente perpetuam por toda a vida adulta. Objetivo: Identificar propostas de Intervenções para Promoção da Saúde no contexto escolar e analisar sua efetividade no combate a obesidade infantil. Materiais e métodos: Buscou-se os estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2012 e setembro de 2017 nas bases de dados Science Direct, Scopus e Med Line (PubMed), utilizando os termos: Phisical Education; Health Promotion; Early Intervetion; School Health. Resultados: Dos 851 artigos encontrados, 78 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão definidos previamente. A abordagem de intervenção que mais se destacou foi a social e comportamental. Das intervenções analisadas, 68% foram efetivas, 28,2% apresentaram limitações 3,8% ainda estão em andamento. Discussão: Entre as intervenções que apresentam resultados positivos, os autores salientam a importância de uma proposta a longo prazo com o envolvimento dos familiares objetivando a perpetuação dos efeitos. Conclusão: As intervenções a longo prazo com o envolvimento dos familiares obtiveram os resultados mais satisfatórios com relação a saúde dos escolares. Entretanto, para que essa contribuição se perpetue, mais estudos são necessários para fornecer uma base de evidências forte e generalizável.
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