Suplementação com probióticos em biomarcadores de pacientes com riscos cardiovasculares: uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
A elevada prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) acarreta consideráveis custos para as agências de saúde pública. Dado a necessidade de meios alternativos para prevenção e tratamento de DCVs e a possibilidade da suplementação com probiótico poder ser uma intervenção de baixo custo em fatores relacionados aos fatores de risco para DCVs, o presente estudo de revisão sistemática tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação com probiótico na modulação de marcadores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Este estudo seguiu as diretrizes delineadas na Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). A busca na literatura foi nas bases bibliográficas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science e Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials com estudos publicados até 30 de julho de 2021. Três mil duzentos e cinquenta e dois (3.252) estudos foram identificados inicialmente e após seleção 14 ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos na análise. Grande parte das evidências sugere efeito neutro ou positivo (ausência de evidências de efeitos negativos) da suplementação probiótica na composição do perfil lipídico e marcadores inflamatórios, assim como efeitos positivos em fatores indiretos relacionados às DCVs, como composição da microbiota, antropometria e metabolismo glicêmico. Hipotetizamos que a suplementação com probiótico possui uma assimetria benéfica e pode ter efeito terapêutico complementar em DCVs, com efeitos benéficos no perfil lipídico e metabólico, além de poder afetar positivamente marcadores inflamatórios. A heterogeneidade dos efeitos de cepas impede conclusões definitivas e orienta a necessidade de evidências mais robustas sobre o papel específico de cada cepa probiótica no contexto de doenças cardiovasculares.
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