Overweight and persistent symptoms 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge due to Covid-19.
Abstract
Introduction: Excess weight has been identified as a risk factor for post-Covid syndrome, highlighting the need for further studies exploring the persistence of these symptoms. Objective: To analyze the persistence of Covid-19 symptoms 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge, according to weight status. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cohort study conducted with patients hospitalized in Cuiabá due to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hospitalization and health-related characteristics were assessed from medical records. Telephone interviews were conducted to gather sociodemographic and economic information, with weight status determined based on the patient's weight at the time of admission and self-reported height. Individuals were classified by body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (≥ 18,5 kg/m2), overweight (≥25 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Results: This study showed that 42.0% of individuals were overweight, and 28.7% were obese when hospitalized for Covid-19. The persistence of 3 or more symptoms was 36.1% at 6 months and 10.6% at 12 months post-hospitalization, with notable occurrences of muscular symptoms (58.9% at 6 months and 44.4% at 12 months) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (55.3% at 6 months and 30.6% at 12 months). Additionally, 21% experienced both types of symptoms simultaneously 6 months after discharge. No significant differences were observed based on BMI classification. Conclusion: although the lack of significant differences in the proportion of patients with persistent symptoms based on weight classification, a substantial proportion experienced simultaneous muscular and neuropsychiatric symptoms after 6 and 12 months, particularly among those with overweight and obesity.
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