Intra and extra hospital antagonism of obesity in Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a condition in which fat accumulates in the body to the point of being a risk factor or marker for a series of chronic diseases, influencing morbidity and mortality rates in the country. In Brazil, the prevalence of this disease doubled from 2002 to 2019, reaching 19.8% of the population and 26.8% of the adult population. Objective: To analyze the trend of hospitalizations and mortality due to obesity inside and outside the hospital in Brazilian regions. Materials and Methods: This is an ecological, retrospective and cross-sectional study whose data were obtained from the Hospital Information System and deaths from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health, available at the electronic address of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Trend analysis of hospitalization and mortality rates was performed using polynomial regression modeling. Results: There were 109,667 hospitalizations and 25,784 deaths due to obesity, with a trend towards an increase in hospitalizations in the South and Southeast regions for both sexes. Of the deaths, 16,731 were in-hospital and 9,053 were out-of-hospital. The trend of in-hospital mortality was decreasing and contrary to extra-hospital mortality, with regional differences. Conclusion: The nutritional transition affected the profile of intra- and extra-hospital obesity, requiring strong strategies to combat the disease.