Eficácia dos suplementos alimentares no tratamento da obesidade
Resumo
Introdução: Os problemas de saúde pública provocados pela obesidade, as dificuldades no tratamento e a procura de novas formas de intervenção, tem direcionado muitos estudos sobre este tema. O objetivo deste estudo foi compilar meta-análises dos últimos 7 anos que avaliaram suplementos associados ao tratamento da obesidade sumarizando os seus principais resultados. Materiais e métodos: O trabalho utilizou a base de dados PubMed com filtros ativado em tipo de artigo o parâmetro “Meta-analysis” e em data de publicação “7 years”. Resultados: Entre os resultados foram identificados suplementos que apresentam evidência de eficácia no controlo da obesidade com a confirmação de mais do que um estudo: Camellia sinensis, Café verde, Irvingia gabonenses, Nigella sativa, Phaseulus vulgaris, Spirulina, Quitosana e L-Carnitina. Aqueles com evidência relacionada com a melhoria dos indicadores confirmada por um único estudo: Ephedra sinica, Gengibre, β Glucano, Glucomanana, Ácido α-Lipólico e Melatonina. O grupo de suplementos com evidência limitada a subgrupos específicos: Cacau; Garcinia cambogia e Ácido linoleico conjugado. O grupo com evidência divergente entre diferentes estudos: Vitamina D, Caralluma fimbriata e Psyllium. Suplementos que não apresentaram evidência de melhoria: Vitamina E, Citrus aurantium, Fenacho e Ácidos Gordos ω 3 e o de eficácia inconclusiva, a Capsaicina. Conclusão: Os suplementos com evidência mais consistente para o controlo da obesidade incluem Camellia sinensis, Café verde, Irvingia gabonenses, N. sativa, Phaseulus vulgaris, Spirulina, Quitosana e L-Carnitina. Muitos suplementos citados na literatura como antiobesidade carecem de evidência robusta em meta-análises. E a heterogeneidade entre os estudos em humanos reforça a importância dos ensaios com grupos homogéneos.
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