Ketogenic diet and its effectiveness in obese individuals
Abstract
Introduction: As the obesity is growing some nutritional strategies are launched to such public, for instance the Ketogenic diet (KD) that has shown efficiency, in the short and medium term in the control of obesity. Goal: To identify the efficiency of the Ketogenic diet in obese patients, beyond to evaluate the metabolic and nutritional effects in the short and long term. Materials and methods: It is an integrative review which was researched some published periodicals in the base of data: Lilacs, Pubmed and Scielo. Results: It was founda lot of scientific researches published during the years of 2013 and 2017. From the total of them, it was identified the efficiency of the diet in adults, obese elderly, beyond to control the blood glucose. It also reduces the cardiovascular risks and it preserves the muscle mass, and it helps in loss of weigh and fat percentage. Discussion: it was noted that the people that follow the diet show less appetite and a lower desire to consume certain foods. Thus, the (KD) diet helps not only to lose weight but it also slows down the appetite. Conclusion: it is notable the efficiency of the Ketogenic diet in short and medium term for obese people, that besides weight loss, it brings improvement to some chronic diseases, but it is necessary more studies on the weigh stability in long term and the maintenance of these pathologies, as well as to investigate the possible harms that this diet can bring about.
References
-Aragon, A. A.; Schoenfeld, B.J.; Wildman, R.; Kleiner, S.; Vandusseldorp, T.; Taylor, L.; Earnest, C.P.; Arciero, P.J.; Wilborn, C.; Kalman, D.S.; Stout, J.R.; Willoughby, D.S. Campbell, B. Arent, S.M. Bannock, L. Smith-Ryan, A.E. Antonio, J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition. Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition. Vol. 14. Num. 16. 2017. p. 1-19.
-Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portal do Governo Brasileiro. Brasileiros atingem maior índice de obesidade nos últimos treze anos. Brasília.MS. 2019.
-Bueno, N.B.; Melo, I.E.F.V.; Oliveira, S.L.; Ataíde, T.R. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BritishJournal of Nutrition. Cambridge University Press. Vol. 110. Num. 7.2013. p. 1178-1187.
-Byrne, C.J.S.; Fair, A.M.; English, C.; Urh, H.; Sauerwein, M.A.; Crowe, P.; Lonergan, D.A. Effect of breed, plane of nutrition and age on growth, scrotal development, metabolite concentrations and on systemic gonadotropin and testosterone concentrations following a GnRH challenge in young dairy bulls. Theriogenology. Vol. 96. 2017. p. 58-68.
-Cícero, A.F.G.; Benelli, M.; Brancaleoni, M.; Dainelli, G.; Merlini, D.; Negri, R. Middle and Long-Term Impact of a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Cardiometabolic Factors: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional, Clinical Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. EUA. Vol. 22. Num. 4. 2015. p. 389-3994.
-Foster, G.D.; Wyatt, H.R.; Hill, J.O.; Mcguckin, B.G.; Brill, C.; Mohammed, B.S. A Randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med. Vol. 348. 2003. p. 2082-2090.
-Gibson, B.; Krogerus, K.; Ekberg, J.; Monroux, A.; Mattinen, L.; Rautio, J.; Vidgren, V. Variation in α-acetolactate production within the hybrid lager yeast group Saccharomyces pastorianus and affirmation of the central role of the ILV6 gene. Yeast. Vol. 32. Num. 1. 2015. p. 301-316.
-Goldman, R.F.; Bullen, B.; Seltzer, C. Changes in specific gravity and body fat in overweight female adolescents as a result of weight reduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Vol. 110. Num. 1963. p. 913-917.
-Gomez-Arbelaez, D.; Bellido, D.; Castro, A.I.; Nez0maia, L.O.; Carreira, J.; Galban, C.; Martinez-Olmos, M.R.; Crujeiras, A.B.; Sajoux, I.; Casanueva, F.F. Body composition changes after very low-calorie-ketogenic diet in obesity evaluated by three standardized methods. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolic. Oxford University Press. Vol. 102. Num. 2. 2017. p. 488-498.
-Gomez-Arbelaez, D.; Crujeiras, A.B.; Castro, A.I.; Gogay, A.; Mas-Lorenzo, A.; Bellon, A.; Tejera, C.; Bellido, D.; Galban, C.; Sajoux, I.; Lopez-Jaramillo, P.; Casanueva, F.F. Acid-base safety during the course of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet. Endocrine. Vol. 58. Num. 1. 2017. p. 81-90.
-Hall, K.D.; Chen, K.Y.; Guo, J.; Lam, Y.Y.; Leibel, R. L.; Mayer, L. E.S.; Marc G, R. Rosenbaum, M. Smith, S.R. Walsh, B.T. Ravussin, E. Energy Expenditure and Body Composition Changes After na Isocaloric Ketogenic Diet in Overweight na Obese Men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 104. Num. 2. 2016. p. 324-333.
-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de orçamentos familiares 2008-2009: análise do consumo alimentar pessoal no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2015.
-Kossoff, E.H.; Zupec‐Kania, B.A.; Amark, P.E.; Ballaban‐Gil, K.R.; Christina Bergqvist, A.G.; Blackford, R.; Buchhalter, J.R.; Caraballo, R.H.; Cross, J.H.; Dahlin, M.G.; Donner, E.; Klepper, J.; Jehle, R.; Kim, H.D.; Liu, Y.M.C.; Nation, J.;Nordli Jr, D.R.; Pfeifer, H.H.; Rho, J.M.; Stafstrom, C.E.; Thiele, E.A.; Turner, Z.; Wirrell, E.C.; Wheless, J.W.; Veggiotti, P.; Vining, E.P.G. Optimal clinical management of children receiving the ketogenic diet: Recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Oficial Journal of the International league against Eplepsy. Vol. 50. Num. 2. 2009. p. 304-317.
-Martínez-Riquelme, A.; Sajoux, I.; Fondevila, J. Resultados del estudio PROMESA I:eficacia y seguridad de la aplicación de una dieta de muy bajo aporte calórico y reeducación alimentaria posterior mediante el método PronoKal®en el tratamiento del exceso de peso. Nutrición Hospitalaria. Vol. 29. Num. 2. 2014. p. 282-291.
-Mitchell, G.; A.Kassovska-Bratinova, S.; Boukaftane, Y.; Robert, M.F.; Wang, S.P.; Ashmarina, L.; Lambert, M.; Lapierre, P.; Potier, E. Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Medecine Clinique et Experimentale. Journal Article. Non-U.S. Vol. 18. Num. 3. 1995. p. 193-216.
-Nonino-Borges, C.B.; Bustamante, V.C.T.; Rabito, E.I.; Inuzuka, L.M.; Sakamoto, A.C.; Marchini, J.S. Dieta cetogênica no tratamento de epilepsias. Rev. Nutr. Campinas. 2004. Vol. 14. Num. 4. p. 515-521.
-Nymo, S.; Coutinho, S.R.; Jorgensen, J.; Rehfeld, J.F.; Truby, H.; Kulseng, B.; Martins, C. Timeline of Changes in apetite during weight loss with a ketogenic diet. International Journal of Obesity. Londres. Vol. 41. Num. 8. 2017. p. 1224-1231.
-Paoli, A. Ketogenic diet for obesity: friend or foe? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. EUA. Vol. 11. Num. 2. 2014. p. 2092-2107.
-Paoli, A.; Bianco, A.; Grimaldi, K. A.; Lodi, A.; Bosco, G. Long Term Successful Weight Loss witha Combination Biphasic Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet and Mediterranean Diet Maintenance Protocol. Journal Nutrients. Vol. 5. Num. 12. 2013. p. 5205-5217.
-Pinheiro, A.R.O.; Freitas, S.F.T.; Corso, A.C.T. Uma abordagem epidemiológica da obesidade. Revista de Nutrição. Campinas. Vol. 17. Num. 4. 2004. p. 523-533.
-Samaha, F.F.; Iqba, L. N.; Seshadri, P.; Chicano, K.L.; Daily, D.A.; Mcgrory, J.C.R.N.P.; Williams, T.B.S.; Williams, M.B.S.; Gracely, E.J.P.D.; Stern, L.M.D.A. Low-Carbohydrate as Compared With a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity. N Engl J Med. Vol. 348. 2003. p. 2074-2081.
-Sondike, S.B.; Copperman, N. Jacobson, M.S. Effects of a low-carboydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescentes. J. Pediatr. Vol. 142. Num. 3. 2003. p. 253-258.
-Souza, J. M. B.; Castro, M.M.; Maia, E.M.C.; Ribeiro, A.N.; Almondes, K.M.; Silva, N.G. Obesidade e tratamento: desafio comportamental e social. Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas. Rev. bras. ter. cogn. Rio de Janeiro. Vol.1. Num. 1. 2005. p. 59-67.
-Stern, L.; Iqbal, N.; Seshadri, P.; Chicano, K.L.; Daily, D.A.; Mcgrory, J. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: One-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. Vol. 140. 2004. p. 778-785.
-Willi, S. M.; Oexmann, M.J.; Wright, N.; Collop, N.A.; Lyndon, L. Os efeitos de uma dieta cetogênica rica em proteínas e com baixo teor de gordura em adolescentes com obesidade mórbida: composição corporal, químicas no sangue e anormalidades do sono. Pediatria. Vol. 101. 1998. p. 61-67.
Copyright (c) 2020 Bárbara Raquel Cardoso do Nascimento, Rayssa Cristina de Lima Athayde de Britto, Joelma Araújo Barbosa Soares, Luciana Tavares Toscano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
